CMA Inter: 40 Formula Calculator
1. Current Ratio
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
2. Quick Ratio
(Current Assets - Inventory) / Current Liabilities
3. Return on Equity (ROE)
Net Income / Shareholders' Equity × 100%
4. Debt to Equity Ratio
Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity
5. Gross Profit Margin
Gross Profit / Net Sales × 100%
6. Net Profit Margin
Net Profit / Net Sales × 100%
7. Earnings Per Share (EPS)
(Net Profit – Preference Dividend) / Number of Equity Shares
8. Inventory Turnover Ratio
Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory
9. Operating Profit Margin
Operating Profit / Net Sales × 100%
10. Return on Assets (ROA)
Net Income / Average Total Assets × 100%
11. Operating Cycle
Inventory Period + Receivables Period – Payables Period
12. Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR)
Net Operating Income / Debt Service
13. Cash Ratio
(Cash + Marketable Securities) / Current Liabilities
14. Dividend Payout Ratio
Dividend per Share / Earnings per Share × 100%
15. Market Capitalization
Market Price per Share × Number of Shares
16. Capital Gearing Ratio
Fixed Cost Bearing Capital / Equity Shareholders' Fund
17. Debt Ratio
Total Debt / Total Assets
18. Operating Expense Ratio
Operating Expenses / Net Sales × 100%
19. Capital Turnover Ratio
Net Sales / Average Capital Employed
20. Net Worth
Total Assets – Total Liabilities
1. Prime Cost
Direct Materials + Direct Labour + Direct Expenses
2. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
sqrt(2 × Demand × Ordering Cost / Carrying Cost per Unit)
3. Break-Even Point (Units)
Fixed Costs / Contribution per Unit
4. Contribution
Sales - Variable Costs
5. Margin of Safety
Actual Sales - Break-Even Sales
6. Overhead Absorption Rate
Overheads Incurred / Basis for Absorption
7. Labour Cost Variance
(Standard Rate × Standard Time) – (Actual Rate × Actual Time)
8. Material Cost Variance
Standard Cost – Actual Cost
9. Sales Variance
Actual Sales – Budgeted Sales
10. Fixed Overhead Variance
Standard Fixed Overhead – Actual Fixed Overhead
11. Variable Overhead Cost Variance
Standard Variable Overhead – Actual Variable Overhead
12. Reorder Level
Maximum consumption × Maximum reorder period
13. Safety Stock
(Annual Demand / 365) × (Maximum Lead Time – Average Lead Time)
14. Average Stock Level
(Maximum Stock Level + Minimum Stock Level) / 2
15. Material Price Variance
(Standard Price – Actual Price) × Actual Quantity
16. Labour Efficiency Variance
(Standard Hours – Actual Hours) × Standard Rate
17. Labour Rate Variance
(Standard Rate – Actual Rate) × Actual Hours
18. Batch Cost
Total Cost of Batch / Number of Units in Batch
19. Contract Profit
Contract Value – Total Cost Incurred
20. Overhead Recovery Rate
Budgeted Overhead / Budgeted Activity (e.g. machine hours, labor hours)